Industrial security is categorized by a complicated combination of threats and defense measures. One such example of an industrial defense measure is operational technology (OT). As a critical part of operations, it is positioned to directly control and monitor the industrial environment. With built-in hardware and software, OT systems manage and protect industrial tools such as machinery and equipment. Securing industrial control systems through them ensures that critical infrastructure within the manufacturing industry is operational. The supervisory control and data acquisition system, programmable logic controllers, and distributed control systems are the three valuable device types used in OT. Each device has specific responsibilities and capabilities, but all ultimately cater to industrial needs for operational success. OT device integration with Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems enables predictive maintenance and data-driven insights. Read on to learn how these devices facilitate better decision-making, increase productivity, improve safety, and reduce downtime, as well as why rising cyberthreats against OT systems can be crippling to business growth and production.
OT Device Functions
The supervisory control and data acquisition system, programmable logic controllers, and distributed control systems are only three among a long list of other OT devices. The first one sends out control commands to programmable logic controllers, monitors live feedback, enables smooth data transfer between other OT devices, and promotes rapid decision-making among engineers. Programmable logic controllers are responsible for input and output assembly, system programming, and power supply. The main functions of distributed control systems are data acquisition and system diagnosis. Together, these devices monitor and control processes by collecting data from sensors in operational equipment. OT devices enable engineers to closely observe components that impact how efficiently infrastructure works, such as pressure, flow rates, power levels, and temperature. Through real-time observations, engineers can detect deviations early and intervene if necessary.
OT devices are also designed for task automation. Any repetitive and time-consuming duties can simply be reallocated from employees to OT devices, minimizing operational errors. Automated tasks increase productivity and enable consistency along production lines. Since OT devices are combined with IIoT, systems are enabled to conduct advanced data analysis, enhancing decision-making within organizations. IIoT system integration qualifies devices to receive and process large amounts of data, which supports predictive maintenance efforts. When processes run smoothly, it saves organizations money and resources. Contrastingly, threats to OT functionality can be detrimental.
Cyberthreats in OT
Problems with OT security can jeopardize industrial processes. When OT devices are exposed to cyber threats or attacks, operational disruptions are caused. This is bad news for business: Disruptions can result in financial loss, equipment failure, and increased risk to employee safety. In this digital world, these systems have become increasingly vulnerable to cyberthreats. Given that IIoT is integrated into OT systems, cyberthreats can infiltrate IIoT and interrupt the functioning of the supervisory control and data acquisition system, programmable logic controllers, and distributed control systems. It is paramount to shield these devices from vulnerabilities through well-integrated cybersecurity measures. This begins by knowing the most common threats.
Malicious Software Programs
OT devices are susceptible to malware infections, which can interrupt the flow of operations. Different mediums can be used to spread malware, including phishing emails, corrupted media, and infected websites. Ransomware is a form of malware used by hackers to access and encrypt an organization’s sensitive data and files. A ransom is demanded in exchange for decryption. Malicious software programs can give outsiders complete power over organizations.
Distributed Denial of Service Threats
With Distributed Denial of Service threats, OT devices are rendered incompetent through a surge of requests or signals. Distributed Denial of Service clogs industrial systems to cause traffic that deters normal procedures. It disrupts OT device functions and compromises critical infrastructure use. If an organization notices an erratic pattern of requests to a single or multiple endpoints, it could be a sign of an attack in progress.
Data Theft
Data theft happens when intruders access OT systems and extract valuable information. This could happen for many reasons, including holding data for ransom or hurting the organization’s reputation. The data taken can include organization secrets, confidential files, and other crucial details. Infiltrators compromise an organization’s competitiveness and security by stealing data.
Cybersecurity Considerations for OT Devices
Preventing or combating cyberthreats should be at the forefront of industrial planning. A holistic approach is necessary to secure OT devices and address system vulnerabilities. Before these devices are deployed, organizations should prioritize cybersecurity considerations.
Best Practice Implementation
Businesses must ensure the implementation of best practices to protect OT devices. For starters, significantly strengthen protection measures against potential attacks. This includes conducting regular software and hardware updates. Organizations should also implement access control mechanisms that demand authentication prior to accessing systems. Constantly monitoring communications and system patterns can help detect suspicious activity immediately. Occasional security tests are another best practice for OT devices. Employees should also be trained on specific security measures and what to look out for. Additionally, encrypting organizational communications can prevent malicious software programs from infecting OT.
AI Integration
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a leading contributor to anything internet-related. Integrating AI in OT systems enables devices to detect zero-day attacks. AI-powered systems flag deviations from the baseline of OT devices. This is a proactive, preventative measure to uncover anomalies that can evade traditional detection in real time.
Industry 4.0 Implications
IIoT is a concept that emerged from Industry 4.0 and has drastically influenced OT device capabilities. A key benefit of Industry 4.0 is its ability to execute industrial systems in a manner that maximizes productivity and protects against intrusions. The global integration of intelligent digital technological advancements provides organizations with a range of automation options to enhance cybersecurity. This approach promotes agility in operations, making it possible to respond promptly to perceived and real system threats.
Review
The industrial cybersecurity landscape is complex. It is characterized by rising threats against OT devices that are used to monitor and control industrial processes. Fortunately, organizations that are aware of the malicious software programs and other cyberthreats facing OT can protect against these threats. This knowledge can be leveraged to implement robust cybersecurity measures that empower operations. Businesses can retain competitiveness by understanding OT device functions, observing the cyberthreats associated with them, and ensuring security considerations are implemented. This also helps organizations maintain efficient business practices.
